Practice Questions:
1. Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates:
a. the law of effect.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. respondent behavior.
d. associative learning.
2. John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of:
a. observable behavior.
b. cognitive processes.
c. genetic predispositions.
d. all of the above.
3. Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n):
a. primary reinforcer.
b. unconditional stimulus.
c. immediate reinforcer.
d. conditioned stimulus.
4. Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a(n):
a. UR.
b. US.
c. CR.
d. CS.
5. Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) comes after a(n) _.
a. CS; US
b. UR; CS
c. secondary reinforcer; operant behavior
d. negative reinforcer; operant behavior
6. Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin’s new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates:
a. latent learning.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. delayed reinforcement.
d. shaping.
7. A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates:
a. an unconditioned response.
b. operant conditioning.
c. latent learning.
d. generalization.
8. The predictability of an association between a CS and a US facilitates an organism’s ability to anticipate the occurrence of the US. This fact is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) perspective.
a. evolutionary
b. behaviorist
c. cognitive
d. neuroscience
9. The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by:
a. Pavlov’s studies of conditioned salivation.
b. Garcia and Koelling’s research on taste aversion.
c. Skinner’s experiments on reinforcement.
d. Watson and Rayner’s findings on fear conditioning.
10. In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as:
a. generalization.
b. partial reinforcement.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. shaping.
11. If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a reinforcer.
a. partial
b. primary
c. conditioned
d. delayed
12. Negative punishment the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement the rate of operant responding.
a. increases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
c. decreases; decreases
d. has no effect on; has no effect on
13. Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a schedule of reinforcement.
a. fixed-interval
b. variable-interval
c. fixed-ratio
d. variable-ratio
14. Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company’s fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed. Because service completion times are unpredictable, she is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a schedule.
a. fixed-interval
b. variable-interval
c. fixed-ratio
d. variable-ratio
15. If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates:
a. operant conditioning.
b. observational learning.
c. respondent behavior.
d. spontaneous recovery.
ANSWERS: D, A, D, A, A, B, D, C, C, D, C, B, C, B, B
'theory > 학습심리학' 카테고리의 다른 글
| 광고와 조건형성 (0) | 2010.10.07 |
|---|---|
| 성도착증과 학습심리학 (0) | 2010.10.07 |
| 학습심리학 용어 정리 (0) | 2010.10.07 |
| [스크랩] 놀이영상 (0) | 2010.09.23 |
| LEARNING (0) | 2010.03.30 |